MAGNABEND - CIRCUIT Kev Ua Haujlwm
Magnabend sheetmetal folder yog tsim los ua DC clamping electromagnet.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws Circuit Court yuav tsum tau tsav lub electro-magnetic coil muaj ib tug hloov thiab ib tug choj rectifier nkaus xwb:
Daim duab 1: Tsawg Circuit Court:
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ON / OFF hloov pauv tau txuas rau ntawm AC sab ntawm lub voj voog.Qhov no tso cai rau lub inductive coil tam sim no mus ncig los ntawm diodes hauv tus choj rectifier tom qab tig tawm kom txog thaum tam sim no decays exponentially mus rau xoom.
(Cov diodes nyob rau hauv tus choj yog ua raws li "fly-rov qab" diodes).
Rau kev nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim dua kev lag luam nws yog ntshaw kom muaj ib lub voj voog uas muab 2-tes sib cuam tshuam thiab tseem 2-theem clamping.Lub 2-tes sib cuam tshuam pab kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntiv tes tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub clampbar thiab cov theem clamping muab qhov pib softer thiab tseem tso cai rau ib txhais tes tuav cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kom txog rau thaum lub pre-clamping yog qhib.
Daim duab 2: Circuit Court nrog Interlock thiab 2-Stage Clamping:
Thaum lub pob pib nias lub zog me me yog muab rau cov hlau nplaum ntawm lub AC capacitor yog li ua rau lub teeb clamping nyhuv.Qhov no reactive txoj kev txwv qhov tam sim no rau lub kauj yuav tsis muaj lub zog loj dissipation nyob rau hauv lub limiting ntaus ntawv (lub capacitor).
Tag nrho clamping tau txais thaum ob qho tib si Bending Beam-ua haujlwm hloov thiab lub pob pib ua haujlwm ua ke.
Feem ntau lub pob pib yuav raug thawb ua ntej (nrog rau sab laug tes) thiab tom qab ntawd tus kov ntawm txoj hlua khoov yuav raug rub nrog lwm tus tes.Tag nrho clamping yuav tsis tshwm sim tshwj tsis yog tias muaj qee qhov sib tshooj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2 lub keyboards.Txawm li cas los xij ib zaug tag nrho clamping tau tsim nws tsis tas yuav tuav lub khawm START.
Residual Magnetism
Ib qho teeb meem me me tab sis tseem ceeb nrog lub tshuab Magnabend, ib yam li cov hlau nplaum feem ntau, yog qhov teeb meem ntawm cov hlau nplaum seem.Qhov no yog qhov me me ntawm cov hlau nplaum uas tseem tshuav tom qab cov hlau nplaum raug kaw lawm.Nws ua rau cov clamp-bars nyob twj ywm tsis muaj zog clamped rau lub cev hlau nplaum yog li ua rau kev tshem tawm ntawm lub workpiece nyuaj.
Kev siv cov hlau nplaum mos hlau yog ib qho ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev kom kov yeej cov hlau nplaum seem.
Txawm li cas los xij cov khoom no yog ib qho nyuaj kom tau txais hauv cov khoom loj thiab nws tseem yog lub cev mos uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav yooj yim puas hauv lub tshuab khoov.
Kev suav nrog qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov hlau nplaum sib nqus yog kab tias qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los txo cov hlau nplaum seem.Txoj kev no yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab yog qhov yooj yim kom ua tiav hauv lub cev hlau nplaum - tsuas yog sib txuas nrog ib daim duab los yog txhuas txog 0.2 hli tuab ntawm hais cov ncej pem hauv ntej thiab cov tub ntxhais ua ntej bolting cov hlau nplaum ua ke.Lub ntsiab drawback ntawm txoj kev no yog tias qhov sib txawv uas tsis yog hlau nplaum yuav txo tau cov flux muaj rau tag nrho clamping.Tsis tas li ntawd nws tsis ncaj nraim rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv ib lub cev hlau nplaum ib leeg raws li siv rau E-hom hlau nplaum tsim.
Ib qho rov qab kev tsis ncaj ncees teb, ua los ntawm ib qho kev pab cuam, kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo.Tab sis nws koom nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntxiv qhov nyuaj hauv kev tsim cov coil thiab tseem nyob rau hauv kev tswj circuitry, txawm hais tias nws tau siv luv luv hauv kev tsim Magnabend thaum ntxov.
Ib tug decaying oscillation ("ringing") yog conceptually ib txoj kev zoo heev rau demagnetising.
Cov duab oscilloscope no qhia txog qhov voltage (sab saum toj kab) thiab tam sim no (hauv qab kab) hauv Magnabend kauj nrog lub capacitor tsim nyog txuas hla nws kom nws tus kheej oscillate.(Cov khoom siv AC tau muab tua kwv yees li hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab).
Thawj daim duab yog rau qhib magnetic Circuit Court, uas yog tsis muaj clampbar ntawm cov hlau nplaum.Daim duab thib ob yog rau lub kaw sib nqus sib nqus, uas yog nrog qhov ntev ntev clampbar ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Nyob rau hauv thawj daim duab, qhov hluav taws xob pom tau tias decaying oscillation (ringing) thiab yog li tam sim no (kawg kab), tab sis nyob rau hauv daim duab thib ob lub voltage tsis oscillate thiab tam sim no tsis txawm tswj kom thim rov qab txhua.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yuav tsis muaj oscillation ntawm cov hlau nplaum flux thiab yog li tsis muaj kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hlau nplaum seem.
Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov hlau nplaum hnyav dhau lawm, feem ntau yog vim qhov poob tam sim no hauv cov hlau, thiab yog li hmoov tsis, txoj kev no tsis ua haujlwm rau Magnabend.
Kev quab yuam oscillation tseem yog lwm lub tswv yim.Yog hais tias cov hlau nplaum yog dhau damped rau nws tus kheej oscillate ces nws yuav raug yuam kom oscillate los ntawm active circuits muab lub zog raws li xav tau.Qhov no kuj tau raug tshawb xyuas kom meej rau Magnabend.Nws lub ntsiab drawback yog hais tias nws muaj overly complex circuitry.
Rov qab-pulse demagnetising yog txoj kev uas tau ua pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws rau Magnabend.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus qauv tsim no sawv cev rau thawj cov haujlwm ua los ntawm Magnetic Engineering Pty Ltd.
REVERSE-PULSE DEMAGNETISING
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim no yog khaws cia lub zog hauv lub capacitor thiab tom qab ntawd tso nws mus rau hauv lub kauj tom qab cov hlau nplaum raug kaw.Lub polarity yuav tsum yog li ntawd lub capacitor yuav induce ib tug rov qab tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub kauj.Tus nqi ntawm lub zog khaws cia hauv lub capacitor tuaj yeem raug kho kom txaus kom tshem tawm cov hlau nplaum seem.(Lub zog ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua dhau los thiab rov ua kom cov hlau nplaum rov ua dua tshiab).
Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm txoj kev rov qab-miv yog tias nws ua kom nrawm heev demagnetising thiab yuav luag tam sim tso tawm ntawm lub clampbar los ntawm cov hlau nplaum.Qhov no yog vim tias nws tsis tas yuav tos kom lub kauj tam sim no tawg mus rau xoom ua ntej txuas cov mem tes rov qab.Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cov mem tes lub coil tam sim no raug yuam mus rau xoom (thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab) sai npaum li nws qhov kev puas tsuaj ib txwm muaj.
Daim duab 3: Basic Reverse-Pulse Circuit
Tam sim no, ib txwm, muab kev sib cuag ntawm lub rectifier thiab cov hlau nplaum coil yog "ua si nrog hluav taws".
Qhov no yog vim qhov tam sim no inductive tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd.Yog hais tias nws yog ces tus hloov hu yuav arc thiab tus tes hloov yuav puas los yog puas tag nrho.(Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuab yuav ua kom sai sai nres lub flywheel).
Yog li, txawm li cas los xij yog tsim los tsim nws yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev zoo rau lub kauj tam sim no txhua lub sijhawm, suav nrog rau ob peb milliseconds thaum hloov pauv kev sib cuag.
Cov kab hluav taws xob saum toj no, uas tsuas muaj 2 lub capacitors thiab 2 diodes (ntxiv rau kev sib cuag relay), ua tiav cov haujlwm ntawm kev them tus nqi cia capacitor rau qhov tsis zoo voltage (kwv yees rau sab siv ntawm lub kauj) thiab tseem muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau coil. tam sim no thaum lub relay hu nyob rau hauv ya.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas:
Dav dav D1 thiab C2 ua raws li lub twj tso kua mis rau C1 thaum D2 yog lub clamp diode uas tuav point B los ntawm qhov zoo.
Thaum lub hlau nplaum nyob rau ntawm qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lub relay yuav txuas nrog nws "ib txwm qhib" (NO) lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab cov hlau nplaum yuav ua nws txoj haujlwm li qub ntawm clamping sheetmetal.Lub twj tso kua mis them nqi yuav them C1 rau qhov siab tshaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov loj rau qhov siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob.Qhov voltage ntawm C1 yuav nce exponentially tab sis nws yuav raug them tag nrho li ntawm 1/2 ib ob.
Tom qab ntawd nws tseem nyob hauv lub xeev ntawd kom txog thaum lub tshuab raug kaw.
Tam sim ntawd tom qab switch-off lub relay tuav nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv.Thaum lub sij hawm no lub coil inductive heev tam sim no yuav txuas ntxiv rov qab los ntawm diodes hauv tus choj rectifier.Tam sim no, tom qab ncua ntev li 30 milliseconds tus relay hu yuav pib cais.Lub kauj tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem mus dhau ntawm lub diodes rectifier tab sis hloov mus nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ntawm C1, D1, thiab C2.Cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tam sim no yog xws li tias nws yuav ntxiv cov nqi tsis zoo ntawm C1 thiab nws yuav pib them C2 thiab.
Tus nqi ntawm C2 yuav tsum loj txaus los tswj tus nqi ntawm qhov hluav taws xob nce thoob plaws qhov qhib relay tiv tauj kom paub meej tias qhov arc tsis tsim.Tus nqi ntawm li 5 micro-farads ib amp ntawm coil tam sim no yog txaus rau ib tug raug relay.
Daim duab 4 hauv qab no qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov waveforms uas tshwm sim thaum thawj ib nrab thib ob tom qab tig OFF.Qhov hluav taws xob ramp uas tau tswj los ntawm C2 yog pom tseeb ntawm cov kab liab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab, nws tau sau tias "Relay contact on the fly".(Lub sijhawm ya-tshaj qhov tseeb tuaj yeem txiav tawm los ntawm cov kab no; nws yog li 1.5 ms).
Sai li sai tau lub relay armature tsaws ntawm nws NC davhlau ya nyob twg qhov tsis zoo nqi cia capacitor txuas nrog cov hlau nplaum coil.Qhov no tsis tam sim ntawd thim rov qab lub kauj tam sim no tab sis tam sim no tam sim no khiav "nce toj" thiab yog li nws tau nrawm nrawm dhau xoom thiab mus rau qhov siab tsis zoo uas tshwm sim li 80 ms tom qab kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom ntim cia.(Saib daim duab 5).Qhov tsis zoo tam sim no yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo hauv cov hlau nplaum uas yuav tshem tawm cov hlau nplaum seem thiab cov clampbar thiab workpiece yuav raug tso tawm sai.
Daim duab 4: nthuav dav Waveforms
Daim duab 5: Voltage thiab Tam sim no Waveforms ntawm Magnet Coil
Daim duab 5 saum toj no qhia txog qhov voltage thiab tam sim no waveforms ntawm cov hlau nplaum coil thaum lub sij hawm pre-clamping, tag nrho clamping theem, thiab lub demagnetising theem.
Nws tau xav tias qhov yooj yim thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov demagnetising Circuit Court yuav tsum txhais tau tias nws yuav pom daim ntawv thov hauv lwm cov electromagnets uas xav tau demagnetising.Txawm hais tias residual magnetism tsis yog ib qho teeb meem no Circuit Court kuj tseem yuav pab tau heev rau commutate lub kauj tam sim no mus rau xoom sai heev thiab yog li muab ceev ceev.
Tswv yim Magnabend Circuit:
Cov tswv yim hauv Circuit Court uas tau tham saum toj no tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv ib lub voj voog tag nrho nrog ob qho tib si 2-tes sib cuam tshuam thiab rov qab mem tes demagnetising raws li qhia hauv qab no (Daim duab 6):
Daim duab 6: Combined Circuit Court
Qhov no Circuit Court yuav ua hauj lwm tab sis hmoov tsis nws yog me ntsis unreliable.
Yuav kom tau txais kev lag luam txhim khu kev qha thiab hloov lub neej ntev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv qee yam ntxiv rau lub hauv paus Circuit Court raws li qhia hauv qab no (Daim duab 7):
Daim duab 7: Ua ke Circuit Court nrog kev kho kom zoo
SWB 1:
Qhov no yog 2-ncej rho tawm hloov pauv.Nws yog ntxiv rau kev yooj yim thiab ua raws li cov qauv hluav taws xob.Nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov hloov pauv no los koom nrog lub teeb pom kev neon los qhia ON / OFF xwm txheej ntawm lub voj voog.
D3 thiab C4:
Yog tsis muaj D3 lub latching ntawm lub relay yog unreliable thiab nyob ntawm ib tug me ntsis ntawm lub phasing ntawm lub mains waveform thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm lub dabtsi yog khoov beam hloov.D3 qhia txog qhov ncua sij hawm (feem ntau yog 30 milli vib nas this) hauv kev tso tawm ntawm qhov relay.Qhov no kov yeej qhov teeb meem latching thiab nws kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig kom muaj kev ncua sij hawm ua ntej qhov pib ntawm demagnetising mem tes (tom qab lub voj voog).C4 muab AC coupling ntawm lub relay Circuit Court uas yuav txwv tsis pub ib nrab-yoj luv luv Circuit Court thaum lub khawm pib nias.
KEV.SWITCH:
Qhov kev hloov no muaj nws lub tsev nyob hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub cev hlau nplaum thiab nws yuav mus qhib Circuit Court yog tias cov hlau nplaum kub dhau (> 70 C).Muab tso rau hauv series nrog lub relay coil txhais tau hais tias nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hloov cov tam sim no me me los ntawm relay coil es tsis yog cov hlau nplaum tam sim no.
R2:
Thaum lub pob pib nias lub relay rub tawm thiab tom qab ntawd yuav muaj qhov nrawm nrawm uas them C3 ntawm tus choj rectifier, C2 thiab diode D2.Yog tsis muaj R2 yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv Circuit Court thiab qhov tshwm sim tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg sib cuag hauv START hloov.
Tsis tas li, muaj lwm qhov xwm txheej uas R2 muab kev tiv thaiv: Yog hais tias lub beam hloov (SW2) txav los ntawm NO davhlau ya nyob twg (qhov twg nws yuav nqa tag nrho cov hlau nplaum tam sim no) mus rau NC davhlau ya nyob twg, feem ntau ib tug arc yuav tsim thiab yog hais tias tus Pib hloov pauv tseem tab tom tuav lub sijhawm no ces C3 yuav ua rau luv luv Circuit Court thiab, nyob ntawm seb qhov voltage npaum li cas ntawm C3, ces qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau SW2.Txawm li cas los xij dua R2 yuav txwv qhov luv luv tam sim no rau tus nqi nyab xeeb.R2 tsuas yog xav tau tus nqi qis dua (feem ntau 2 ohms) txhawm rau muab kev tiv thaiv txaus.
Varistor:
Lub varistor, uas txuas nrog ntawm AC terminals ntawm lub rectifier, feem ntau tsis muaj dab tsi.Tab sis yog hais tias muaj ib tug surge voltage nyob rau hauv lub mains (vim piv txwv li - ib tug nyob ze lightening strike) ces lub varistor yuav nqus lub zog nyob rau hauv lub surge thiab tiv thaiv lub voltage spike los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tus choj rectifier.
R1:
Yog tias lub pob pib yuav tsum tau nias thaum lub sij hawm demagnetising mem tes ces qhov no yuav ua rau ib qho arc ntawm relay hu uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav zoo li luv luv-circuit C1 (lub cia capacitor).Lub zog capacitor yuav muab pov tseg rau hauv Circuit Court uas muaj C1, tus choj rectifier thiab lub arc hauv relay.Yog tsis muaj R1 muaj tsawg heev nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court no thiab yog li tam sim no yuav siab heev thiab yuav txaus rau welding cov neeg nyob rau hauv relay.R1 muab kev tiv thaiv hauv qhov no (me ntsis txawv) qhov tshwm sim.
Cov Lus Cim Tshwj Xeeb rov xaiv ntawm R1:
Yog tias qhov xwm txheej tau piav qhia saum toj no tshwm sim, R1 yuav nqus tau tag nrho cov zog uas tau khaws cia hauv C1 tsis hais tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm R1.Peb xav kom R1 loj piv nrog rau lwm qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tab sis me me piv nrog qhov tsis kam ntawm Magnabend coil (tsis li R1 yuav txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov mem tes demagnetising).Tus nqi ntawm ib ncig ntawm 5 mus rau 10 ohms yuav tsim nyog tab sis qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob twg yuav tsum muaj R1?Qhov peb xav tau tiag tiag yog lub zog pulse, lossis lub zog ntsuas ntawm tus resistor.Tab sis tus yam ntxwv no tsis yog feem ntau teev rau lub hwj chim resistors.Tsawg tus nqi hluav taws xob resistors feem ntau yog hlau-qhov txhab thiab peb tau txiav txim siab tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los nrhiav hauv qhov resistor yog tus nqi ntawm cov hlau tiag tiag siv hauv nws qhov kev tsim kho.Koj yuav tsum tau tawg qhib tus qauv resistor thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov hlau siv.Los ntawm qhov no xam tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov hlau thiab ces xaiv ib tug resistor nrog tsawg kawg yog 20 mm3 ntawm hlau.
(Piv txwv li 6.8 ohm / 11 watt resistor los ntawm RS Cheebtsam tau pom tias muaj cov xaim ntim ntawm 24mm3).
Hmoov zoo, cov khoom ntxiv no yog qhov me me thiab tus nqi thiab yog li ntxiv ob peb duas las rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm Magnabend electrics.
Muaj ib qho ntxiv me ntsis ntawm circuitry uas tseem tsis tau tham txog.Qhov no kov yeej ib qho teeb meem me me:
Yog tias lub khawm START raug nias thiab tsis ua raws li rub ntawm tus kov (uas yuav txwv tsis pub tag nrho clamping) ces lub kaw lus cia yuav tsis raug them tag nrho thiab lub demagnetising pulse uas tshwm sim ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm lub khawm START yuav tsis tag nrho demagnetise lub tshuab. .Tom qab ntawd lub clampbar yuav nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub tshuab thiab qhov ntawd yuav yog qhov teeb meem.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm D4 thiab R3, qhia nyob rau hauv xiav hauv daim duab 8 hauv qab no, pub ib lub yoj tsim nyog rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis Circuit Court kom paub tseeb tias C1 tau them txawm tias tag nrho clamping tsis siv.(Tus nqi ntawm R3 tsis tseem ceeb - 220 ohms / 10 watt yuav haum rau feem ntau cov cav tov).
Daim duab 8: Circuit Court nrog Demagnetise tom qab "START" nkaus xwb:
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Circuit Court Cheebtsam thov mus saib cov Cheebtsam hauv "Tsim Koj Tus Kheej Magnabend"
Rau kev siv lub hom phiaj tag nrho cov duab kos ntawm 240 Volt AC, E-Type Magnabend cov cav tov tsim los ntawm Magnetic Engineering Pty Ltd yog qhia hauv qab no.
Nco ntsoov tias rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm 115 VAC ntau qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau hloov kho.
Sib Nqus Engineering tso tseg cov tshuab Magnabend hauv 2003 thaum lub lag luam muag.
Lus Cim: Cov kev sib tham saum toj no yog npaj los piav qhia cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Circuit Court thiab tsis yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tau hais tseg.Tag nrho cov circuits qhia saum toj no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv Magnabend phau ntawv uas muaj nyob rau lwm qhov ntawm lub xaib no.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias peb tau tsim tag nrho lub xeev cov qauv ntawm lub Circuit Court uas siv IGBTs es tsis txhob siv relay los hloov qhov tam sim no.
Lub xeev cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tau siv rau hauv cov tshuab Magnabend tab sis tau siv rau cov hlau nplaum tshwj xeeb uas peb tsim rau cov kab ntau lawm.Cov kab ntau lawm no feem ntau muab 5,000 yam khoom (xws li lub qhov rooj tub yees) ib hnub twg.
Sib Nqus Engineering tso tseg cov tshuab Magnabend hauv 2003 thaum lub lag luam muag.
Thov siv qhov txuas Hu rau Alan ntawm lub xaib no txhawm rau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.